The most economical way of transporting crude oil from the wells is via pipelines. These pipelines are mostly underground and costly in nature. The other way is taking the crude oil through large oil tankers via ships.
Refining
The refining process is necessary to change the oil density. The refining process consists of three basic processes
- Distillation
- Conversion
- Alkylation
While these refining process the oil goes through desulfurization process. This is done to remove the chemicals from the crude oil. The distillation process uses heat to separate petroleum from other crude products. The crude tower has a different level of heating temperature.
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- At a temperature of 150 C, we get Gasoline
- At 200 C we get Jet Fuel & Kerosene
- Achieving 300 C we get Diesel Fuel
- On getting 370 C, we have Industrial Fuel
- At 400 C of temperature, we get Lubrication Oil, Paraffin Wax, and Asphalt.
After these processes, the oils have to go Conversation and Blending Process. The conversion undergoes three refinery procedures namely- the Coker, the Hydrocracker and the Fluidized Catalytic Cracker (FCC). The gasoline or diesel from we get from crude oil it is sent with the help of pipeline to the refinery terminals or the wholesalers and is ready for the consumers use.
